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Germany

76 series · 1500–2025 · High income · Europe & Central Asia

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1850–20254,477,500 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1850–20255,049,594 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1800–20253,327,235 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1800–202539,836 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1800–20253,689,157 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1850–2025134.6 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1800–202544,169 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1950–20253,382,236 (2025)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1950–202575.5 (2025)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1950–20253,814,387 (2025)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1925–20252,376,124 (2025)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1925–202553.1 (2025)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1925–20252,679,723 (2025)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1925–20251,006,112 (2025)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1925–202522.5 (2025)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1925–20251,134,664 (2025)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1850–2025986,821 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1850–202522.0 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1850–20251,112,908 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1850–2025911,184 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1850–202520.4 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1850–20251,027,607 (2025)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1871–20251,806,553 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1871–202540.3 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1871–20252,037,378 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1871–20251,698,110 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1871–202537.9 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1871–20251,915,079 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1860–2025201,850 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1860–20254.51 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1796–20250.887 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1870–2025106.8 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1860–2025227,641 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1872–20252,259,060 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1872–20252,259,060 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1872–202550.5 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp1872–2025671,625 (2025)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP1872–202515.0 (2025)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1872–20252,144,723 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1880–20252,144,723 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev1872–2025595,508 (2025)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1880–202547.9 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP1872–202513.3 (2025)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax1872–20251,871,812 (2025)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax1881–20251,871,812 (2025)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax1872–2024480,788 (2024)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP1881–202541.8 (2025)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP1872–202411.1 (2024)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1872–2025-2.70 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1880–2025-2.70 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1880–2025-120,893 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP1872–2025-1.80 (2025)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef1872–2025-80,595 (2025)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1871–202563.5 (2025)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1871–202563.5 (2025)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1871–20252,843,058 (2025)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1880–202444.0 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1880–20241,904,320 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1871–20252,843,058 (2025)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1872–2025-120,893 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1872–202550.5 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1872–202547.9 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP1872–202541.8 (2025)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate1814–20252.18 (2025)
Long-term interest ratePercentltrate1815–20252.59 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1817–20252.13 (2025)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01851–2010217.2 (2010)
M1Millions of local currencyM11870–20202,973,597 (2020)
M2Millions of local currencyM21870–20203,458,200 (2020)
M3Millions of local currencyM31955–19981,240,394 (1998)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
House price indexIndex, 2015 = 100HPI1870–2025150.2 (2025)
Real house price indexIndex, 2015 = 100rHPI1870–2025116.5 (2025)
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1500–2025129.0 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1500–20252.26 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1500–202583.5 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1887–20253.77 (2025)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →