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Australia

76 series · 1788–2025 · High income · East Asia & Pacific

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1788–20252,812,059 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1800–20251,812,429 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1820–20252,025,462 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1820–202573,531 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1820–20251,520,208 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1820–2025138.8 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1820–202555,189 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1950–20252,122,973 (2025)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1950–202575.5 (2025)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1950–20251,368,299 (2025)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1950–20251,451,045 (2025)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1950–202551.6 (2025)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1950–2025935,228 (2025)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1950–2025660,191 (2025)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1950–202523.5 (2025)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1950–2025425,506 (2025)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1861–2025693,707 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1861–202524.7 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1861–2025447,108 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1861–2025690,078 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1861–202524.5 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1861–2025444,769 (2025)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1826–2025631,259 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1826–202522.4 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1826–2025406,859 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1826–2025642,195 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1826–202522.8 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1826–2025413,907 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1861–2025-75,397 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1861–2025-2.68 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1800–20251.55 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1960–2025100.0 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1861–2025-48,595 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1839–20251,125,476 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1850–20251,125,476 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1850–202540.0 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp1839–2022653,075 (2022)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP1839–202226.3 (2022)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1824–20251,039,981 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1850–20251,039,981 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev1824–2022630,073 (2022)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1850–202537.0 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP1824–202225.4 (2022)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax1850–2025813,024 (2025)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax1850–2025813,024 (2025)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax1901–2022557,853 (2022)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP1850–202528.9 (2025)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP1901–202222.5 (2022)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1839–2025-2.50 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1850–2025-2.50 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1850–2025-70,193 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP1839–2022-1.29 (2022)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef1839–2022-31,900 (2022)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1854–202450.6 (2024)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1854–202450.6 (2024)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1854–20241,373,311 (2024)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1861–202436.8 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1861–2024998,211 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1854–20241,373,311 (2024)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1839–2025-70,193 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1839–202540.0 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1824–202537.0 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP1850–202528.9 (2025)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate1870–20253.83 (2025)
Long-term interest ratePercentltrate1870–20254.37 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1945–20253.60 (2025)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01841–2025315,001 (2025)
M1Millions of local currencyM11841–20251,952,976 (2025)
M2Millions of local currencyM21841–20253,237,997 (2025)
M3Millions of local currencyM31841–20253,350,073 (2025)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
House price indexIndex, 2015 = 100HPI1870–2025167.4 (2025)
Real house price indexIndex, 2015 = 100rHPI1870–2025126.4 (2025)
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1819–2025132.5 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1819–20252.44 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1788–202527.5 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1901–20254.20 (2025)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →