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Japan

76 series · 1800–2025 · High income · East Asia & Pacific

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1868–2025663,435,328 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1868–20254,433,086 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1870–2025576,317,120 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1870–20254,679,135 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1870–20254,759,821 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1870–2025115.1 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1870–202538,645 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1950–2025482,447,712 (2025)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1950–202572.7 (2025)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1950–20253,223,724 (2025)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1950–2025350,781,792 (2025)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1950–202552.9 (2025)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1950–20252,343,930 (2025)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1950–2025131,665,904 (2025)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1950–202519.8 (2025)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1950–2025879,794 (2025)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1885–2025184,301,904 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1885–202527.8 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1885–20251,231,508 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1868–2025183,615,008 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1868–202527.7 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1868–20251,226,919 (2025)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1856–2025145,306,208 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1868–202521.9 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1857–2025970,939 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1860–2025148,620,496 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1868–202522.4 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1860–2025993,085 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1875–202532,116,475 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1875–20254.84 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1857–2025149.7 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1879–202580.8 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1875–2025214,603 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1875–2025251,507,370 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1875–2025251,507,370 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1875–202537.9 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp1875–2024115,832,196 (2024)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP1875–202418.2 (2024)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1875–2025244,853,352 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1875–2025244,853,352 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev1875–202499,862,514 (2024)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1875–202536.9 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP1875–202415.7 (2024)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax1885–2024135,707,655 (2024)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax1994–2024135,707,655 (2024)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax1885–202487,211,376 (2024)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP1994–202421.4 (2024)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP1885–202413.7 (2024)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1875–2025-1.00 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1875–2025-1.00 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1875–2025-6,654,029 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP1885–2024-3.08 (2024)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef1885–2024-19,572,681 (2024)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1872–2024214.5 (2024)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1875–2024214.5 (2024)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1875–20241,361,459,493 (2024)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1872–2024200.9 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1872–20241,275,434,499 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1872–20241,361,459,493 (2024)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1875–2025-6,654,029 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1875–202537.9 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1875–202536.9 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP1885–202421.4 (2024)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate1879–20250.796 (2025)
Long-term interest ratePercentltrate1870–20251.53 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1882–20250.75 (2025)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01868–2025596,184,896 (2025)
M1Millions of local currencyM11868–20251,090,900,992 (2025)
M2Millions of local currencyM21868–20251,635,078,016 (2025)
M3Millions of local currencyM31980–20251,627,448,960 (2025)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
House price indexIndex, 2015 = 100HPI1913–2025138.8 (2025)
Real house price indexIndex, 2015 = 100rHPI1913–2025121.8 (2025)
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1800–2025114.0 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1800–20253.20 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1800–2025123.2 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1880–20252.53 (2025)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →