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Italy

76 series · 1310–2025 · High income · Europe & Central Asia

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1310–20252,239,243 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1817–20252,525,353 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1310–20251,831,836 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1800–202531,101 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1789–20252,031,095 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1310–2025122.2 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1800–202534,483 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1861–20251,693,579 (2025)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1861–202575.6 (2025)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1861–20251,909,969 (2025)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1950–20251,282,384 (2025)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1950–202557.3 (2025)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1950–20251,446,235 (2025)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1950–2025411,229 (2025)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1950–202518.4 (2025)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1950–2025463,772 (2025)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1861–2025488,760 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1861–202521.8 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1861–2025551,209 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1861–2025505,637 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1861–202522.6 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1861–2025570,242 (2025)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1861–2025734,780 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1861–202532.8 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1861–2025828,663 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1861–2025677,919 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1861–202530.3 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1861–2025764,538 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1861–202525,681 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1861–20251.15 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1817–20250.887 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1870–2025101.9 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1861–202528,962 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1862–20251,148,871 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1862–20251,148,871 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1862–202551.3 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp1862–2025725,515 (2025)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP1862–202532.4 (2025)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1862–20251,077,076 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1862–20251,077,076 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev1862–2025647,141 (2025)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1862–202548.1 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP1862–202528.9 (2025)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax1862–2025965,114 (2025)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax1973–2025965,114 (2025)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax1862–2025573,246 (2025)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP1973–202543.1 (2025)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP1862–202525.6 (2025)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1862–2025-3.10 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1862–2025-3.10 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1862–2025-69,417 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP1862–2025-3.50 (2025)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef1862–2025-78,374 (2025)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1861–2025137.1 (2025)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1861–2025137.1 (2025)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1861–20253,070,105 (2025)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1861–2024132.5 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1861–20242,893,442 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1861–20253,070,105 (2025)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1862–2025-69,417 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1862–202551.3 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1862–202548.1 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP1862–202543.1 (2025)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate1862–20252.18 (2025)
Long-term interest ratePercentltrate1861–20253.59 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1863–20243.56 (2024)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01861–2014170,668 (2014)
M1Millions of local currencyM11861–20201,428,893 (2020)
M2Millions of local currencyM21861–20202,047,265 (2020)
M3Millions of local currencyM31999–20141,521,330 (2014)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
House price indexIndex, 2015 = 100HPI1927–2025118.3 (2025)
Real house price indexIndex, 2015 = 100rHPI1927–202596.4 (2025)
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1310–2025122.7 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1549–20251.53 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1800–202558.9 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1919–20256.05 (2025)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →