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Saudi Arabia

73 series · 1800–2025 · High income · Middle East & North Africa

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1949–20254,788,536 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1952–20251,276,943 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1950–20253,475,423 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1950–202593,998 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1950–2025926,478 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1950–2025137.8 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1950–202525,058 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1960–20253,198,158 (2025)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1960–202566.8 (2025)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1960–2025852,842 (2025)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1968–20252,212,014 (2025)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1968–202546.2 (2025)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1968–2025589,870 (2025)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1968–2025988,544 (2025)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1968–202520.6 (2025)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1968–2025263,612 (2025)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1960–20251,514,376 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1960–202531.6 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1960–2025403,834 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1962–20251,354,531 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1962–202528.3 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1962–2025361,208 (2025)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1948–20251,424,345 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1949–202529.7 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1952–2025379,825 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1948–20251,343,276 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1949–202528.1 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1952–2025358,207 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1971–2025-122,762 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1971–2025-2.56 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1952–20253.75 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1963–2025105.4 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1971–2025-32,736 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1990–20251,612,586 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1990–20251,612,586 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1990–202533.7 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp2018–20241,231,607 (2024)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP2018–202426.2 (2024)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1991–20251,297,365 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1991–20251,297,365 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev2018–20241,319,422 (2024)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1991–202527.1 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP2018–202428.1 (2024)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax2013–2024384,930 (2024)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax2013–2024384,930 (2024)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax2018–2024384,930 (2024)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP2013–20248.18 (2024)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP2018–20248.18 (2024)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1991–2025-5.77 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1991–2025-5.77 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1991–2025-276,510 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP2018–2024-2.42 (2024)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef2018–2024-113,765 (2024)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1989–202531.7 (2025)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1991–202531.7 (2025)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1991–20251,519,006 (2025)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1989–202429.9 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1989–20241,405,004 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1989–20251,519,006 (2025)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1991–2025-276,510 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1990–202533.7 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1991–202527.1 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP2013–20248.18 (2024)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1999–20254.25 (2025)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01960–201095,520 (2010)
M1Millions of local currencyM11960–2010625,592 (2010)
M2Millions of local currencyM21960–2010923,874 (2010)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
House price indexIndex, 2015 = 100HPI2014–202388.5 (2023)
Real house price indexIndex, 2015 = 100rHPI2014–202377.3 (2023)
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1963–2025118.6 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1964–20252.03 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1800–202537.0 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1992–20243.50 (2024)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →