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Malaysia

76 series · 1800–2025 · Upper middle income · East Asia & Pacific

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1900–20252,023,195 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1921–2025472,440 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1900–20251,735,647 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1900–202550,705 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1947–2025443,776 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1900–2025116.6 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1947–202512,965 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1900–20251,497,927 (2025)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1900–202574.0 (2025)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1921–2025349,784 (2025)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1900–20251,246,606 (2025)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1900–202561.6 (2025)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1921–2025291,097 (2025)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1900–2025248,197 (2025)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1900–202512.3 (2025)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1921–202557,957 (2025)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1949–2025411,573 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1949–202520.3 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1949–202596,107 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1900–2025431,539 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1900–202521.3 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1921–2025100,770 (2025)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1900–20251,435,138 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1900–202570.9 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1921–2025335,122 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1900–20251,350,723 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1900–202566.8 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1921–2025315,410 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1974–202532,514 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1974–20251.61 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1921–20254.28 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1960–202595.4 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1974–20257,592 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1949–2025474,074 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1990–2025474,074 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1990–202523.4 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp1949–2010275,879 (2010)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP1949–201033.6 (2010)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1949–2025402,507 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1990–2025402,507 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev1949–2010239,640 (2010)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1990–202519.9 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP1949–201029.2 (2010)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax1996–2024240,048 (2024)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax2000–2024240,048 (2024)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax1996–200157,815 (2001)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP2000–202412.4 (2024)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP1996–200116.4 (2001)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1949–2025-3.54 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1990–2025-3.54 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1990–2025-71,567 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP1949–2010-4.41 (2010)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef1949–2010-36,239 (2010)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1949–202570.7 (2025)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1953–202570.7 (2025)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1953–20251,429,425 (2025)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1949–202462.6 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1949–20241,209,200 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1949–20251,429,425 (2025)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1949–2025-71,567 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1949–202523.4 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1949–202519.9 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP1996–202412.4 (2024)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate1971–20252.88 (2025)
Long-term interest ratePercentltrate1992–20253.31 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1995–20252.75 (2025)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01899–2025202,981 (2025)
M1Millions of local currencyM11950–2025726,315 (2025)
M2Millions of local currencyM21950–20252,583,796 (2025)
M3Millions of local currencyM32000–20252,440,631 (2025)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
House price indexIndex, 2015 = 100HPI1988–2025141.1 (2025)
Real house price indexIndex, 2015 = 100rHPI1988–2025118.2 (2025)
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1949–2025119.3 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1901–20251.40 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1800–202534.2 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1970–20253.00 (2025)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →