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Consumption and investment Variable Code Coverage Latest Total consumption Millions of local currency cons1970–2025 176,901 (2025) Total consumption (% of GDP) Percent of GDP cons_GDP1970–2025 42.3 (2025) Total consumption (USD) Millions of US dollars cons_USD1970–2025 22,031 (2025) Household consumption Millions of local currency hcons1970–2025 125,905 (2025) Household consumption (% of GDP) Percent of GDP hcons_GDP1970–2025 30.1 (2025) Household consumption (USD) Millions of US dollars hcons_USD1970–2025 15,680 (2025) Government consumption Millions of local currency gcons1970–2025 50,997 (2025) Government consumption (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gcons_GDP1970–2025 12.2 (2025) Government consumption (USD) Millions of US dollars gcons_USD1970–2025 6,351 (2025) Gross capital formation Millions of local currency inv1970–2025 51,216 (2025) Gross capital formation (% of GDP) Percent of GDP inv_GDP1970–2025 12.3 (2025) Gross capital formation (USD) Millions of US dollars inv_USD1970–2025 6,378 (2025) Gross fixed capital formation Millions of local currency finv1970–2025 49,902 (2025) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Percent of GDP finv_GDP1970–2025 11.9 (2025) Gross fixed capital formation (USD) Millions of US dollars finv_USD1970–2025 6,215 (2025)
Government finances Variable Code Coverage Latest Government expenditure Millions of local currency govexp2001–2024 98,812 (2024) General government expenditure Millions of local currency gen_govexp2001–2024 98,812 (2024) General government expenditure (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govexp_GDP2001–2024 24.9 (2024) Central government expenditure Millions of local currency cgovexp2001–2024 77,967 (2024) Central government expenditure (% of GDP) Percent of GDP cgovexp_GDP2001–2024 19.6 (2024) Government revenue Millions of local currency govrev2001–2024 126,680 (2024) General government revenue Millions of local currency gen_govrev2001–2024 126,680 (2024) Central government revenue Millions of local currency cgovrev2001–2024 117,659 (2024) General government revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govrev_GDP2001–2024 31.9 (2024) Central government revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP cgovrev_GDP2001–2024 29.6 (2024) Government tax revenue Millions of local currency govtax2001–2024 107,441 (2024) General government tax revenue Millions of local currency gen_govtax2001–2024 107,441 (2024) Central government tax revenue Millions of local currency cgovtax2001–2024 107,441 (2024) General government tax revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govtax_GDP2001–2024 27.0 (2024) Central government tax revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP cgovtax_GDP2001–2024 27.0 (2024) Government deficit (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govdef_GDP2001–2024 7.01 (2024) General government deficit (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govdef_GDP2001–2024 7.01 (2024) General government deficit Millions of local currency gen_govdef2001–2024 27,868 (2024) Central government deficit (% of GDP) Percent of GDP cgovdef_GDP2001–2024 5.30 (2024) Central government deficit Millions of local currency cgovdef2001–2024 21,058 (2024) Government deficit Millions of local currency govdef2001–2024 27,868 (2024) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govexp_GDP2001–2024 24.9 (2024) Government revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govrev_GDP2001–2024 31.9 (2024) Government tax revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govtax_GDP2001–2024 27.0 (2024)
Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →