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73 series · 1800–2025 · High income · Europe & Central Asia

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1965–202541,926 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1990–202547,283 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1965–202528,784 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1965–202515,503 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1965–202531,915 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1965–2025145.7 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1965–202517,189 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1980–202534,466 (2025)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1980–202582.2 (2025)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1990–202538,870 (2025)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1990–202524,911 (2025)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1990–202559.4 (2025)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1990–202528,094 (2025)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1990–20259,538 (2025)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1990–202522.8 (2025)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1990–202510,757 (2025)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1980–20259,942 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1980–202523.7 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1990–202511,213 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1980–202510,454 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1980–202524.9 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1990–202511,790 (2025)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1920–202526,398 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1990–202563.0 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1920–202529,771 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1920–202528,906 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1990–202568.9 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1920–202532,600 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1992–2025-1,416 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1992–2025-3.38 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1920–20250.887 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1988–2025119.5 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1992–2025-1,597 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1995–202519,328 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1995–202519,328 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1995–202546.1 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp1995–202512,159 (2025)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP1995–202529.0 (2025)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1995–202518,280 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1995–202518,280 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev1995–202510,775 (2025)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1995–202543.6 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP1995–202525.7 (2025)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax1995–202514,644 (2025)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax1995–202514,644 (2025)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax1995–20247,368 (2024)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP1995–202534.9 (2025)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP1995–202418.6 (2024)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1995–2025-2.50 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1995–2025-2.50 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1995–2025-1,048 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP1995–2025-3.30 (2025)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef1995–2025-1,384 (2025)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1994–202546.9 (2025)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1994–202546.9 (2025)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1994–202519,658 (2025)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1994–202447.4 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1994–202418,774 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1994–202519,658 (2025)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1995–2025-1,048 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1995–202546.1 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1995–202543.6 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP1995–202534.9 (2025)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate1925–20252.18 (2025)
Long-term interest ratePercentltrate2001–20253.27 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1999–20243.56 (2024)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01925–193659.9 (1936)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
House price indexIndex, 2015 = 100HPI2006–2025216.8 (2025)
Real house price indexIndex, 2015 = 100rHPI2006–2025143.6 (2025)
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1914–2025151.0 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1922–20253.73 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1800–20251.86 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1990–20256.93 (2025)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →