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National accounts Variable Code Coverage Latest Nominal GDP Millions of local currency nGDP1963–2025 365,400,000 (2025) Nominal GDP (USD) Millions of US dollars nGDP_USD1970–2025 17,875 (2025) Real GDP Millions of local currency rGDP1950–2025 179,600,000 (2025) Real GDP per capita Constant local currency per person rGDP_pc1950–2025 23,192,737 (2025) Real GDP (USD) Millions of US dollars rGDP_USD1950–2025 22,102 (2025) Deflator Index, 2015 = 100 deflator1963–2025 203.4 (2025) Real GDP per capita (USD) US dollars per person rGDP_pc_USD1950–2025 2,854 (2025)
Consumption and investment Variable Code Coverage Latest Total consumption Millions of local currency cons1970–2024 224,900,000 (2024) Total consumption (% of GDP) Percent of GDP cons_GDP1970–2024 69.1 (2024) Total consumption (USD) Millions of US dollars cons_USD1970–2024 11,151 (2024) Household consumption Millions of local currency hcons1970–2024 196,000,000 (2024) Household consumption (% of GDP) Percent of GDP hcons_GDP1970–2024 60.3 (2024) Household consumption (USD) Millions of US dollars hcons_USD1970–2024 9,719 (2024) Government consumption Millions of local currency gcons1970–2024 28,884,958 (2024) Government consumption (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gcons_GDP1970–2024 8.88 (2024) Government consumption (USD) Millions of US dollars gcons_USD1970–2024 1,432 (2024) Gross capital formation Millions of local currency inv1970–2024 74,742,384 (2024) Gross capital formation (% of GDP) Percent of GDP inv_GDP1970–2024 23.0 (2024) Gross capital formation (USD) Millions of US dollars inv_USD1970–2024 3,706 (2024) Gross fixed capital formation Millions of local currency finv1970–2024 74,742,384 (2024) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Percent of GDP finv_GDP1970–2024 23.0 (2024) Gross fixed capital formation (USD) Millions of US dollars finv_USD1970–2024 3,706 (2024)
External sector Variable Code Coverage Latest Exports Millions of local currency exports1948–2025 322,700,000 (2025) Exports (% of GDP) Percent of GDP exports_GDP1963–2025 88.3 (2025) Exports (USD) Millions of US dollars exports_USD1970–2025 15,783 (2025) Imports Millions of local currency imports1948–2025 255,400,000 (2025) Imports (% of GDP) Percent of GDP imports_GDP1963–2025 69.9 (2025) Imports (USD) Millions of US dollars imports_USD1970–2025 12,492 (2025) Current account Millions of local currency CA1980–2025 41,552,230 (2025) Current account (% of GDP) Percent of GDP CA_GDP1980–2025 11.4 (2025) USD exchange rate Local currency per US dollar USDfx1970–2025 20,444 (2025) Real effective exchange rate Index, 2015 = 100 REER1980–2023 78.0 (2023) Current account (USD) Millions of US dollars CA_USD1980–2025 2,032 (2025)
Government finances Variable Code Coverage Latest Government expenditure Millions of local currency govexp2000–2024 51,284,284 (2024) General government expenditure Millions of local currency gen_govexp2000–2024 51,284,284 (2024) General government expenditure (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govexp_GDP2000–2024 15.8 (2024) Government revenue Millions of local currency govrev2000–2024 58,949,030 (2024) General government revenue Millions of local currency gen_govrev2000–2024 58,949,030 (2024) General government revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govrev_GDP2000–2024 18.1 (2024) Government tax revenue Millions of local currency govtax2008–2022 26,296,929 (2022) General government tax revenue Millions of local currency gen_govtax2008–2022 26,296,929 (2022) General government tax revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govtax_GDP2008–2022 12.2 (2022) Government deficit (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govdef_GDP2000–2024 2.36 (2024) General government deficit (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govdef_GDP2000–2024 2.36 (2024) General government deficit Millions of local currency gen_govdef2000–2024 7,664,748 (2024) Government debt (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govdebt_GDP1976–2024 94.7 (2024) General government debt (% of GDP) Percent of GDP gen_govdebt_GDP1989–2024 94.7 (2024) General government debt Millions of local currency gen_govdebt1989–2024 308,000,000 (2024) Central government debt (% of GDP) Percent of GDP cgovdebt_GDP1976–2024 96.4 (2024) Central government debt Millions of local currency cgovdebt1976–2024 313,700,000 (2024) Government debt Millions of local currency govdebt1976–2024 308,000,000 (2024) Government deficit Millions of local currency govdef2000–2024 7,664,748 (2024) Government expenditure (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govexp_GDP2000–2024 15.8 (2024) Government revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govrev_GDP2000–2024 18.1 (2024) Government tax revenue (% of GDP) Percent of GDP govtax_GDP2008–2022 12.2 (2022)
Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →