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Kazakhstan

73 series · 1800–2025 · Upper middle income · Europe & Central Asia

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1987–2025159,600,000 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1990–2025306,282 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1980–202557,734,300 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1980–20252,831,805 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1980–2025261,800 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1987–2025276.4 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1980–202512,841 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1987–202488,245,448 (2024)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1987–202464.6 (2024)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1990–2024188,172 (2024)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1990–202473,495,856 (2024)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1990–202453.8 (2024)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1990–2024156,720 (2024)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1990–202414,749,597 (2024)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1990–202410.8 (2024)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1990–202431,452 (2024)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1987–202545,016,860 (2025)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1987–202528.2 (2025)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1990–202586,399 (2025)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1990–202433,469,210 (2024)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1990–202424.5 (2024)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1990–202471,369 (2024)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1990–202545,852,064 (2025)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1990–202528.7 (2025)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1990–202588,002 (2025)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1990–202541,976,592 (2025)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1990–202526.3 (2025)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1990–202580,564 (2025)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1992–2025-6,488,341 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1992–2025-4.07 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1990–2025521.0 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1990–202382.2 (2023)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1992–2025-12,453 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp2000–202528,956,794 (2025)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp2000–202528,956,794 (2025)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP2000–202518.1 (2025)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp2005–202320,871,037 (2023)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP2005–202317.5 (2023)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1994–202529,966,864 (2025)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1994–202529,966,864 (2025)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev2005–202320,217,470 (2023)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1994–202518.8 (2025)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP2005–202316.9 (2023)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax2000–202524,085,648 (2025)
General government tax revenueMillions of local currencygen_govtax2000–202524,085,648 (2025)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax2005–202314,227,413 (2023)
General government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govtax_GDP2000–202515.1 (2025)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP2005–202311.9 (2023)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP2000–2025-0.506 (2025)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP2000–2025-0.506 (2025)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef2000–2025-807,975 (2025)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP2005–2023-1.15 (2023)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef2005–2023-1,369,404 (2023)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1993–202424.4 (2024)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1993–202424.4 (2024)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1993–202433,321,670 (2024)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP2000–202424.9 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt2000–202434,099,254 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1993–202433,321,670 (2024)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef2000–2025-807,975 (2025)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP2000–202518.1 (2025)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1994–202518.8 (2025)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP2000–202515.1 (2025)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate2000–202514.1 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1993–20209.00 (2020)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM02000–20254,749,200 (2025)
M1Millions of local currencyM12000–202515,127,908 (2025)
M2Millions of local currencyM22000–202552,751,740 (2025)
M3Millions of local currencyM32000–202552,751,740 (2025)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1991–2025252.7 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1992–202511.4 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1800–202520.4 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1991–20254.60 (2025)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →