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Ghana

72 series · 1800–2025 · Lower middle income · Sub-Saharan Africa

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National accounts

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Nominal GDPMillions of local currencynGDP1950–20251,426,137 (2025)
Nominal GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsnGDP_USD1950–2025113,575 (2025)
Real GDPMillions of local currencyrGDP1885–2025294,259 (2025)
Real GDP per capitaConstant local currency per personrGDP_pc1885–20258,392 (2025)
Real GDP (USD)Millions of US dollarsrGDP_USD1948–202579,216 (2025)
DeflatorIndex, 2015 = 100deflator1950–2025484.7 (2025)
Real GDP per capita (USD)US dollars per personrGDP_pc_USD1948–20252,259 (2025)

Consumption and investment

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Total consumptionMillions of local currencycons1955–20241,045,570 (2024)
Total consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcons_GDP1955–202488.9 (2024)
Total consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarscons_USD1955–202473,725 (2024)
Household consumptionMillions of local currencyhcons1955–2024988,769 (2024)
Household consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPhcons_GDP1955–202484.1 (2024)
Household consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarshcons_USD1955–202469,720 (2024)
Government consumptionMillions of local currencygcons1955–202456,800 (2024)
Government consumption (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgcons_GDP1955–20244.83 (2024)
Government consumption (USD)Millions of US dollarsgcons_USD1955–20244,005 (2024)
Gross capital formationMillions of local currencyinv1950–2024117,111 (2024)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPinv_GDP1950–20249.96 (2024)
Gross capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsinv_USD1950–20248,258 (2024)
Gross fixed capital formationMillions of local currencyfinv1950–2024115,227 (2024)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)Percent of GDPfinv_GDP1950–20249.80 (2024)
Gross fixed capital formation (USD)Millions of US dollarsfinv_USD1950–20248,125 (2024)

External sector

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
ExportsMillions of local currencyexports1850–2024414,640 (2024)
Exports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPexports_GDP1950–202435.3 (2024)
Exports (USD)Millions of US dollarsexports_USD1950–202429,237 (2024)
ImportsMillions of local currencyimports1850–2024401,100 (2024)
Imports (% of GDP)Percent of GDPimports_GDP1950–202434.1 (2024)
Imports (USD)Millions of US dollarsimports_USD1950–202428,282 (2024)
Current accountMillions of local currencyCA1975–2025117,242 (2025)
Current account (% of GDP)Percent of GDPCA_GDP1975–20258.22 (2025)
USD exchange rateLocal currency per US dollarUSDfx1950–202512.6 (2025)
Real effective exchange rateIndex, 2015 = 100REER1964–2025126.4 (2025)
Current account (USD)Millions of US dollarsCA_USD1975–20259,337 (2025)

Government finances

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Government expenditureMillions of local currencygovexp1950–2024258,780 (2024)
General government expenditureMillions of local currencygen_govexp1962–2024258,780 (2024)
General government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govexp_GDP1962–202422.0 (2024)
Central government expenditureMillions of local currencycgovexp1950–2025259,408 (2025)
Central government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovexp_GDP1950–202518.2 (2025)
Government revenueMillions of local currencygovrev1950–2024185,555 (2024)
General government revenueMillions of local currencygen_govrev1962–2024185,555 (2024)
Central government revenueMillions of local currencycgovrev1950–2025225,458 (2025)
General government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govrev_GDP1962–202415.8 (2024)
Central government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovrev_GDP1950–202515.8 (2025)
Government tax revenueMillions of local currencygovtax20106,190 (2010)
Central government tax revenueMillions of local currencycgovtax20106,190 (2010)
Central government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovtax_GDP201010.2 (2010)
Government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdef_GDP1950–2024-6.23 (2024)
General government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdef_GDP1962–2024-6.23 (2024)
General government deficitMillions of local currencygen_govdef1962–2024-73,224 (2024)
Central government deficit (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdef_GDP1950–2025-2.38 (2025)
Central government deficitMillions of local currencycgovdef1950–2025-33,950 (2025)
Government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovdebt_GDP1911–202470.3 (2024)
General government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgen_govdebt_GDP1962–202470.3 (2024)
General government debtMillions of local currencygen_govdebt1962–2024827,381 (2024)
Central government debt (% of GDP)Percent of GDPcgovdebt_GDP1911–202470.5 (2024)
Central government debtMillions of local currencycgovdebt1952–2024829,328 (2024)
Government debtMillions of local currencygovdebt1952–2024827,381 (2024)
Government deficitMillions of local currencygovdef1950–2024-73,224 (2024)
Government expenditure (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovexp_GDP1950–202422.0 (2024)
Government revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovrev_GDP1950–202415.8 (2024)
Government tax revenue (% of GDP)Percent of GDPgovtax_GDP201010.2 (2010)

Money and interest rates

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Short-term interest ratePercentstrate1961–202512.0 (2025)
Long-term interest ratePercentltrate2004–202529.9 (2025)
Central bank policy ratePercentcbrate1964–202330.0 (2023)
M0 (monetary base)Millions of local currencyM01947–20103,262,720 (2010)
M1Millions of local currencyM11950–20051,471 (2005)
M2Millions of local currencyM21950–20052,804 (2005)
M3Millions of local currencyM32001–2025414,510 (2025)

Prices and labor markets

VariableCodeCoverageLatest
Consumer price indexIndex, 2015 = 100CPI1948–2025468.6 (2025)
InflationPercentinfl1949–202514.2 (2025)
PopulationMillions of peoplepop1800–202535.1 (2025)
Unemployment ratePercentunemp1989–20243.99 (2024)

Please cite: Müller, K., Xu, C., Lehbib, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). The Global Macro Database: A New International Macroeconomic Dataset. NBER Working Paper 33714. BibTeX →